Essential to
know, at the time of the prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (peace and bless be upon
him and the prophets of Allah) , there were three main Jews tribes naming Bani
Al-Nadhir بنی النضیر , Bani Qurayzah بنی
قزیظه and BAni Qinqa’ بنی قینقاع also some other tribes were existed.
During 23 years
of the life of the Prophet (pbuh) in Mecca and Medina he had some treaties with
groups including Jews. For example, after the entrance of Prophet (pbuh) to
Medina 622 CE he wrote a treaty with people, in fact it was a kind of
constitution of Medina. In this treaty the rights of Jewish and other religions
had been mentioned. (Authentic historians have recorded the treaty like Ibn
Hisham)
Also Prophet
(pbuh) had individual covenant with three aforementioned Jewish groups.
By investigating
the history we can find out, unfortunately so many times Jewish groups broke
their allegiances with Prophet (pbuh).
Moreover, Prophet
Muhammad had a great behavior with People
of the book (Jews and
Christian) in his personal life. For instance,
Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) had a Jewish neighbor and this person used to throw his garbage every
morning at the door step of the Prophet's home and even some time on the head
of Prophet. One day Prophet didn’t encounter with garbage and realize the
Jewish man is sick. So Prophet went to pay his Jewish neighbor a visit. Prophet
asked about his healthy and the neighbor suffered great embarrassment out of
his treatment with Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). hence, the Jewish man very soon
embraced Islam because of the Prophet's high morals.
On the whole, Prophet in his individual and social life had an
exemplary behavior with people including Jews.